The report presents a synthesis of the results from five case studies exploring the possibility to establish PES schemes for biodiversity conservation in two new EU Member States and three candidate countries, namely Bulgaria, Croatia, Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia, Romania and Turkey. The report forms a part of a project ‘Complementary Financing for Environment in the Context of Accession – Innovative Resources’ (070201/2006/443879/MAR/E3) that has been carried out by the WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme and IEEP for the European Commission in 2006-2007.