While Europeans suffer from heat waves, a wave of climate litigation heats up the debate

Author: Elisa Kollenda

While Europe is experiencing another record hot summer, climate litigation is moving forward in the EU and US. The European General Court has just accepted the first EU wide climate change case, presented by plaintiffs as the People’s Climate Case and was published in the European Union Official Journal today. This is an important initial step in the proceeding which is part of a wave of climate litigation composed of similar suits made against the governments of the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Colombia, Ireland, the UK, Switzerland, Norway, New Zealand, and the US.

Last year’s results in climate diplomacy drew up a sober scenario. It is widely acknowledged that current Nationally Determined Contributions are insufficient; and while the Talanoa dialogue creates an opportunity to enhance ambition, it hasn’t resulted in a dramatic change yet. The EU’s targets are acknowledged to not be in line with the long-term objectives of the Paris agreement, and the Commission has already suggested that they should be tightened[1]. Meanwhile, climate researchers fear a tipping point as global warming approaches the two degrees boundary, which dramatically increases the danger that one of the elements in the Earth system might “tip over”. This could mean up to five degrees of warming and a 60 meter sea level rise. If this is the case, the effects will be severe in 2050, when my cohort will be in their late fifties. My generation will be the first to witness the catastrophic consequences of climate change, but what will the world look like for generations to come?

At a time where it seems impossible to close the accountability deficit known as the tragedy of commons, climate litigation appears as a new weapon for environmentalists to close this accountability gap. Citizens are turning to courts in an attempt to hold governments and corporations to account for the environmental damage they cause.

Globally, there are hundreds of cases in the pipeline, and 2018 might be the year of the big wins as several landmark climate change lawsuits with significant decisions are pending.

Several high-profile climate lawsuits to watch in the summer of 2018

In May 2018 families from the EU, Kenya, Fiji and the Swedish Saami Youth Association Sáminuorra sued the European Parliament and the Council of the EU. The lawsuit challenges the emissions targets set out in the 2030 climate and energy framework, which aims at a 40 percent overall reduction compared to 1990 levels. Claimants argue that the acts violate their fundamental rights as guaranteed by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. They challenge the EU to enact a reduction target of at least 50–60 percent from 1990 levels. The European General Court has just accepted the case which is an important first step in the right direction. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union are expected to respond formally in two months.

The voices speaking up for inter-generational justice are becoming louder. In the United States, a group of young Americans in Oregon filed a lawsuit in 2015 which claims that the government’s refusal to address climate mitigation threatens the constitutional rights of future generations to ‘life, liberty, and property’ as enshrined in the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment.” Similarly, In the Netherlands legal precedent was set when Urgenda and 900 citizens successfully sued for stronger Dutch climate ambition in 2015. According to Urgenda, the State was acting unlawfully as it failed ‘to prevent the Netherlands from causing (more than proportionate) damage, from its territory, to current and future generations in the Netherlands and abroad.’

It is early to judge whether or not claimants will succeed in demanding stronger action from their governments. While victories have so far been rare, the pressure for change is growing. Wins will become more likely in the future, as public opinion – and the attitudes of judges – shift with the times. Nonetheless, these cases have the merit to give future generations a voice, which is much needed.

To date, there are no institutions or processes that protect the interest of future generations in Europe (see IEEP’s paper for the World Future Council). Young people (age 18-24) vote less than their peers and many of today’s top decision-makers will no long be there in 2050. As a young person, I hope that the interest of future generations will soon be institutionalised, for example through an EU guardian for the interest of future generations.

[1] See Miguel Arias Cañete speech at: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-18-4236_en.htm

Keuntungan Bermain di OVOPLAY Slot Gacor:

Tingkat Kemenangan Tinggi: Salah satu keuntungan utama bermain di OVOPLAY Slot Gacor adalah tingkat kemenangan yang tinggi. Ini berarti para pemain memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk memenangkan hadiah saat bermain game slot favorit mereka.

Variasi Permainan yang Luas: OVOPLAY tidak hanya menawarkan slot gacor, tetapi juga beragam permainan menarik lainnya. Dari permainan klasik hingga inovatif, ada sesuatu untuk semua orang. Ini membuat pengalaman bermain semakin seru dan tidak monoton.

Aksesibilitas Melalui OVO: Sebagai platform yang terintegrasi dengan OVO, OVOPLAY memberikan kemudahan akses dan transaksi bagi para pemain. Pembayaran dan penarikan dana menjadi lebih mudah dan cepat, menambah kenyamanan dalam bermain.

Bonus dan Promosi Menarik: OVOPLAY Slot Gacor dikenal memberikan bonus dan promosi secara teratur kepada para pemainnya. Ini bisa berupa bonus pendaftaran, putaran gratis, atau promo khusus yang menambah nilai hiburan dan peluang menang.

Desain Grafis yang Menarik: Pengalaman bermain game semakin lengkap dengan desain grafis yang menarik. OVOPLAY menawarkan visual yang memikat, menciptakan atmosfer seru dan menghibur bagi para pemainnya.

Selain keseruan permainan slot yang ditawarkan, bonus jackpot yang melimpah menjadi daya tarik utama bagi para pemain OVOPLAY yang ingin meraih keberuntungan besar. Melalui fitur keamanan canggih, pengguna dapat melakukan transaksi dengan tenang tanpa khawatir data pribadi mereka akan disalahgunakan. BRIN menekankan pentingnya investasi dalam riset dan inovasi di bidang sains lingkungan dan teknologi ramah lingkungan untuk mencapai tujuan perlindungan masyarakat.

Pentingnya kerjasama lintas sektoral dan internasional juga menjadi fokus BRIN dalam mengatasi dampak perubahan iklim. Sebagai pemimpin lembaga yang menegakkan hukum dan memberantas korupsi, keterlibatan Ketua KPK dalam dugaan pungli menjadi ironis dan menimbulkan kekhawatiran terhadap integritas lembaga tersebut. Perlu dicatat bahwa setiap individu dianggap tidak bersalah sampai terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan di pengadilan.

Alasan Mengapa Kalian Harus Memilih OVOPLAY

Pertama-tama, kemudahan dalam melakukan transaksi menjadi faktor utama yang membuat OVOPLAY diminati. OVOPLAY juga menyediakan layanan streaming film dan serial TV yang dapat diakses dengan mudah. Kepraktisan, keamanan, beragam promo menarik, dan fitur hiburan yang lengkap menjadikan OVOPLAY slot online gacor terpercaya sebagai aplikasi yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan beragam penggunanya.

OVOPLAY tidak hanya menjadi platform pembayaran digital terkemuka, tetapi juga telah menjadi slot pilihan utama bagi masyarakat Indonesia yang ingin menikmati berbagai layanan dengan mudah dan nyaman. Keberhasilan OVOPLAY sebagai slot pilihan masyarakat Indonesia tidak lepas dari berbagai keunggulan yang dimilikinya. Kementerian juga membuka ruang partisipasi masyarakat melalui berbagai forum diskusi dan konsultasi publik, guna memastikan bahwa suara dan aspirasi masyarakat terdengar dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan ini.

Dengan adanya penyelarasan antara UU ITE dan KUHP, diharapkan masyarakat Indonesia dapat merasakan perlindungan hukum yang optimal, terutama dalam menghadapi tantangan dan risiko di slot online. Selain itu, layanan pelanggan yang responsif siap membantu para pemain dalam mengatasi berbagai masalah atau pertanyaan yang mungkin timbul. Bagi para penggemar slot online, bergabung dengan OVOPLAY adalah pilihan yang cerdas.